@article{JSS3647,
author = {Robinson K. Yu and Gerritt M. Lagemann and Anish Ghodadra and Vikas Agarwal},
title = {Extraforaminal needle tip position reduces risk of intravascular injection in CT-fluoroscopic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections},
journal = {Journal of Spine Surgery},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
year = {2016},
keywords = {},
abstract = {Background: Lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection is a common and effective tool for managing lumbar radicular pain, although accidental intravascular injection can rarely result in paralysis. The purpose of this study is to determine the safest needle tip position for computed tomography (CT)-guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections as determined by incidence of intravascular injection.
Methods: Three radiologists, in consensus, reviewed procedural imaging for consecutive CT-fluoroscopic lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections performed during a 16-month period. Intravascular injections were identified and categorized by needle tip position, vessel type injected, intravascular injection volume and procedural phase containing the intravascular injection. Pearson chi-square and logistic regression testing were used to assess differences between groups, as appropriate.
Results: Intravascular injections occurred in 9% (52/606) of injections. The intravascular injection rate was significantly lower (P},
issn = {2414-4630}, url = {https://jss.amegroups.org/article/view/3647}
}